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Well, we have one more topic to discuss.

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It's a little bit of a bonus topic,

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but it's something worth noting,

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and that is the idea of virtual network functions,

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or VNFs, which by the way,

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sometimes is referred to as network function virtualization,

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or NFV.

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Yeah, both of these acronyms are used for the same thing.

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But here's the idea.

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We're gonna take everything we learned

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about how virtual machines work,

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and we're going to apply it to network appliances.

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Any kind of network appliance,
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Any kind of network appliance,

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or network function,

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that we typically deploy as physical appliances.

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So that F here, that function,

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is referring to the thing that the network appliance does.

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But what would be good examples of network appliances?

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Well, a firewall is a pretty good example

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of a network appliance.

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It plugs into network switches,

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and it's sort of this end host type of concept.

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And so firewall works.

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We can also think of wireless LAN controllers,
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We can also think of wireless LAN controllers,

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and believe it or not,

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routers fit into this category as well.

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I guess they should pluralize all of these.

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Rowers, firewalls, wireless LAN controllers.

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There are other examples of this.

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Essentially, again,

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it's everything that isn't a switch.

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We wouldn't consider a switch to be a network function

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that we can virtualize.

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Yeah, we could say, well, isn't that what a V switch is,

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but what we're, again, trying to drive at here

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is turning these into a virtual machine.
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is turning these into a virtual machine.

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And the V switch communicates between virtual machines.

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It's not actually a virtual machine in and of itself.

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So when we think about the Cisco Portfolio,

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we can think of virtual routers like the Catalyst 8000V.

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As a virtual router,

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we love to deploy these into cloud environments,

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but we can deploy it into any virtual environment,

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including our virtual hosts inside of our data centers,

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if it makes sense to do so.

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We also have things like the firewall

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or the fire power threat defense virtual appliance,

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FTV, although Cisco's calling it these days,
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FTV, although Cisco's calling it these days,

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the secure firewall threat defense virtual.

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And so the name is maybe a little bit different these days.

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We also have the virtual wireless LAN controller.

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When we look at the 9800, Cisco has a 9800CL,

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which is short for cloud,

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but we can deploy this as a virtual appliance

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into our virtual environment.

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Now, Cisco actually supported something called the ENCS,
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Now, Cisco actually supported something called the ENCS,

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this stood for the Enterprise Network Compute System.

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And yes, this has gone end of life very recently

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as of the time of this recording,

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but for many years, the ENCS was a piece of hardware

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that could run multiple VNFs.

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So I could deploy this box

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and it had enough resources to maybe run two

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or even three of these different network function

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virtualization.

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So I could run maybe at a branch office here,
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So I could run maybe at a branch office here,

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a router and a firewall,

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and potentially even a wireless LAN controller

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all on the same physical hardware.

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And I could actually run networking

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between all of these devices.

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It was a really slick system.

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The reason I bring it up

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is because these are actually still deployed

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in a lot of enterprises.

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So be aware that these exist.

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These were the ENCS 5000 series,

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I believe it was the 5,100 and 5,400.

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And so if you see these out there,
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And so if you see these out there,

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you'll know what they are now.

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They are hosting virtual routers and firewalls

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and wireless LAN controllers

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and any other network function virtualization

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that Cisco came up with.

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But be aware that, again,

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Cisco has a wide ranging portfolio of virtual appliances.

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This is not an exhaustive list

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by any stretch of the imagination.

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They have a lot of these types of functions out there

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and understand that, hey,

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there might be a place for us to deploy a virtual instance

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of a network appliance
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of a network appliance

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rather than physically screwing something

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into a rack and networking it in.