WEBVTT 1 00:00.000 --> 00:03.280 Alright friends, let's talk about more of the actual front stuff then. 2 00:03.280 --> 00:06.800 So if you happen to recall the earlier skill we talked about Ansible, 3 00:06.800 --> 00:10.640 in this particular scenario we're doing kind of the same thing just using a 4 00:10.640 --> 00:11.760 different utility. 5 00:11.760 --> 00:16.240 What I've got here is an Ubuntu Linux machine and out here are just some basic 6 00:16.240 --> 00:18.000 Cisco iOS switches. 7 00:18.000 --> 00:25.360 Now all of this is on my local network of 192.168.1.0/24 and each of these 8 00:25.360 --> 00:26.560 devices here have their 9 00:26.560 --> 00:32.320 own management IP address I believe. This one here is .101. This is .102. WEBVTT X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=LOCAL:00:00:00.000,MPEGTS:900000 9 00:26.560 --> 00:32.320 own management IP address I believe. This one here is .101. This is .102. 10 00:32.320 --> 00:38.580 This one is 103 and this one is 104. Now all of the devices should have a login 11 00:38.580 --> 00:39.280 user name of 12 00:39.280 --> 00:44.130 admin as well as a password of admin pass and they're going to be reached over 13 00:44.130 --> 00:44.960 port 22 14 00:44.960 --> 00:48.640 utilizing SSH. So these are the main connection details that we have to 15 00:48.640 --> 00:49.360 understand. 16 00:49.360 --> 00:53.920 The question now therefore is how do we actually use Python over here to talk 17 00:53.920 --> 00:55.200 to the devices 18 00:55.200 --> 00:59.120 over there? Well we're going to be looking at a super super popular and well 19 00:59.120 --> 00:59.840 known network 20 00:59.840 --> 01:05.040 automation utility and this is known as NetMico. NetMico essentially allows us WEBVTT X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=LOCAL:00:00:00.000,MPEGTS:900000 20 00:59.840 --> 01:05.040 automation utility and this is known as NetMico. NetMico essentially allows us 21 01:05.040 --> 01:06.800 to send CLI commands 22 01:06.800 --> 01:12.240 to our target devices over an SSH channel. So given the fact that these are old 23 01:12.240 --> 01:12.240 , 24 01:12.240 --> 01:17.610 dusty devices that are not capable of modern automation, utilizing SSH with Net 25 01:17.610 --> 01:18.800 Mico is a very, 26 01:18.800 --> 01:23.740 very good solution. So let's take that information and begin writing our script 27 01:23.740 --> 01:23.920 . 28 01:23.920 --> 01:27.960 Now just in a similar way to what we saw in the previous video, we happened to 29 01:27.960 --> 01:28.640 install something 30 01:28.640 --> 01:32.370 called PyYaml and to a virtual environment and this gave us access to that WEBVTT X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=LOCAL:00:00:00.000,MPEGTS:900000 30 01:28.640 --> 01:32.370 called PyYaml and to a virtual environment and this gave us access to that 31 01:32.370 --> 01:33.360 particular library. 32 01:33.360 --> 01:37.170 Now in a similar vein we want to get access to NetMico so all I will say is pip 33 01:37.170 --> 01:38.000 3 install 34 01:38.000 --> 01:42.150 NetMico and this will now install NetMico with the virtual environment once 35 01:42.150 --> 01:42.880 again giving 36 01:42.880 --> 01:46.280 me access to it with thinmypython scripts. So what I will do is just create a 37 01:46.280 --> 01:46.640 new script, 38 01:46.640 --> 01:52.100 let's call this example 4.py and let me show you how we can begin doing this 39 01:52.100 --> 01:52.320 then. 40 01:52.320 --> 01:56.270 So let's open this up, we'll just go in here. So at the very beginning what I 41 01:56.270 --> 01:56.960 will say is 42 01:56.960 --> 02:01.920 from NetMico, what I will do is import the connect handler factory function. WEBVTT X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=LOCAL:00:00:00.000,MPEGTS:900000 42 01:56.960 --> 02:01.920 from NetMico, what I will do is import the connect handler factory function. 43 02:01.920 --> 02:06.230 Now in the interest of simplicity all I will do right now is just write the 44 02:06.230 --> 02:07.360 code to connect to 45 02:07.360 --> 02:11.740 one of my devices as opposed dealing with all of them. So right here what I 46 02:11.740 --> 02:13.120 will do is I'll target 47 02:13.120 --> 02:17.210 this one right here, S1 okay. Now before we begin can you remember when we 48 02:17.210 --> 02:18.000 talked about 49 02:18.000 --> 02:22.380 opening files we had this thing called a context handler. Now we happen to use 50 02:22.380 --> 02:23.440 this to open a 51 02:23.440 --> 02:27.650 particular file and then automatically close that file once we were done with 52 02:27.650 --> 02:28.800 it. Now the cool thing 53 02:28.800 --> 02:32.700 is that this doesn't just work with files we can actually use them in the WEBVTT X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=LOCAL:00:00:00.000,MPEGTS:900000 53 02:28.800 --> 02:32.700 is that this doesn't just work with files we can actually use them in the 54 02:32.700 --> 02:34.160 context of managing a 55 02:34.160 --> 02:38.720 connection. So pretty much we can use it to open a connection to a device and 56 02:38.720 --> 02:39.760 then once we are 57 02:39.760 --> 02:44.090 finished gracefully close that connection. So first things first what I'm going 58 02:44.090 --> 02:44.640 to do is to 59 02:44.640 --> 02:48.540 define some particular details that NetMico needs to know. So what I will do 60 02:48.540 --> 02:49.520 here is create a little 61 02:49.520 --> 02:53.930 Python dictionary and the first actual key I'm going to use is going to be the 62 02:53.930 --> 02:54.720 device type. 63 02:54.720 --> 02:58.900 The type of device I'm talking to is going to be a Cisco iOS device so I'll 64 02:58.900 --> 03:00.080 pass in that particular WEBVTT X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=LOCAL:00:00:00.000,MPEGTS:900000 64 02:58.900 --> 03:00.080 pass in that particular 65 03:00.080 --> 03:04.200 value. Then have a comma. The next key is going to be the host key that allows 66 03:04.200 --> 03:05.440 me to specify which 67 03:05.440 --> 03:12.000 IP address I want to target. So I'll say 1,9,2,168,1.101 which is the IP 68 03:12.000 --> 03:14.000 address of the first device. 69 03:14.000 --> 03:18.480 I'll then specify the username key and the username is going to be admin. The 70 03:18.480 --> 03:19.600 next key is going to be 71 03:19.600 --> 03:23.810 the password key and that's going to be admin pass. So let's now utilize my 72 03:23.810 --> 03:25.040 context manager. I will 73 03:25.040 --> 03:28.360 say with connect handler that I'm importing and I'm going to pass in some 74 03:28.360 --> 03:29.520 particular values. I'm 75 03:29.520 --> 03:34.850 going to say the device type is equal to my device object and I'm going to get WEBVTT X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=LOCAL:00:00:00.000,MPEGTS:900000 75 03:29.520 --> 03:34.850 going to say the device type is equal to my device object and I'm going to get 76 03:34.850 --> 03:36.560 the device type key. 77 03:36.560 --> 03:41.480 Then also the host is equal to and I'll take my device dictionary and this time 78 03:41.480 --> 03:42.640 parse out the 79 03:42.640 --> 03:47.570 host key. I'll then say the username is equal to the device and take the 80 03:47.570 --> 03:48.960 username key and then the 81 03:48.960 --> 03:52.630 password is equal to the device and grab the password key. Now what I want to 82 03:52.630 --> 03:54.000 do is I want to store all 83 03:54.000 --> 03:58.360 of this as a simple object and I'll just call this connection okay. So if I hit 84 03:58.360 --> 03:59.920 return here I'm 85 03:59.920 --> 04:04.180 indented for spaces you see that they're 1,2,3,4 so that means anything I do WEBVTT X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=LOCAL:00:00:00.000,MPEGTS:900000 85 03:59.920 --> 04:04.180 indented for spaces you see that they're 1,2,3,4 so that means anything I do 86 04:04.180 --> 04:05.360 from this point is going 87 04:05.360 --> 04:08.960 to be with the open connection. So what I will do here is I will take my 88 04:08.960 --> 04:10.640 connection objects and 89 04:10.640 --> 04:13.970 I'm going to use a particular method in that meco known as send command see 90 04:13.970 --> 04:15.200 this one right here. 91 04:15.200 --> 04:19.460 Pretty much this is the method we use when we want to send a show command to a 92 04:19.460 --> 04:20.000 device and not 93 04:20.000 --> 04:23.670 make a configuration change just simply a show command. So what we'll do is 94 04:23.670 --> 04:24.880 with the parentheses I 95 04:24.880 --> 04:29.170 will specify the show command that I want to run. So let's maybe go with show 96 04:29.170 --> 04:30.000 IP interface WEBVTT X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=LOCAL:00:00:00.000,MPEGTS:900000 97 04:30.000 --> 04:33.710 belief. Now I actually want to save the output of this command so I'll save it 98 04:33.710 --> 04:34.400 to a variable so 99 04:34.400 --> 04:39.450 I'll save results equal to this and all I will now do is print out the result. 100 04:39.450 --> 04:40.160 So let's go and see 101 04:40.160 --> 04:45.290 how this actually works in. So let's run a script Python 3 example 4.py and 102 04:45.290 --> 04:47.120 enter. In BAM as we can see 103 04:47.120 --> 04:50.590 here we're now getting the information back for that particular device we can 104 04:50.590 --> 04:51.360 actually see the 105 04:51.360 --> 04:55.030 IP address right there in the show IP interface brief output. Now in the 106 04:55.030 --> 04:56.480 example right here I happen 107 04:56.480 --> 05:00.240 to write this out any long hand format so you can actually see all of the WEBVTT X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=LOCAL:00:00:00.000,MPEGTS:900000 107 04:56.480 --> 05:00.240 to write this out any long hand format so you can actually see all of the 108 05:00.240 --> 05:01.440 underlying details 109 05:01.440 --> 05:05.270 but see all of this stuff right here we can actually just directly unpack the 110 05:05.270 --> 05:06.240 dictionary just by 111 05:06.240 --> 05:10.600 using the short hand format watch this if I delete all of this and I just say 112 05:10.600 --> 05:11.760 star star and then give 113 05:11.760 --> 05:15.990 the name the dictionary which is device this has the exact same effect of what 114 05:15.990 --> 05:16.800 I just had before 115 05:16.800 --> 05:21.180 which is a lot shorter and a lot smarter to look at. If I just save this and I 116 05:21.180 --> 05:22.000 arrow up and try 117 05:22.000 --> 05:25.830 again BAM we get the exact same information so now we're able to define our 118 05:25.830 --> 05:27.040 information directly 119 05:27.040 --> 05:31.480 within a Python script and we can use the mclu with a context manager to open a WEBVTT X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=LOCAL:00:00:00.000,MPEGTS:900000 119 05:27.040 --> 05:31.480 within a Python script and we can use the mclu with a context manager to open a 120 05:31.480 --> 05:32.480 connection send the 121 05:32.480 --> 05:35.910 command and then gracefully close that connection. What I want to do is a 122 05:35.910 --> 05:36.960 similar thing but this 123 05:36.960 --> 05:41.450 thing utilize multiple different devices so straight away let's try to remove 124 05:41.450 --> 05:42.560 this information 125 05:42.560 --> 05:47.020 from the script itself and move it into its own YAML file so let's go and do 126 05:47.020 --> 05:48.240 that then. Okay such 127 05:48.240 --> 05:52.480 delete you and what I will do is I will create a little file just called 128 05:52.480 --> 05:54.480 inventory dot YAML looking 129 05:54.480 --> 05:58.480 so let's open this up here so let's begin defining our inventory so what I will 130 05:58.480 --> 05:59.280 have here is a 131 05:59.280 --> 06:02.710 key called device at the very top now in the end of the thing I'm going to put WEBVTT X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=LOCAL:00:00:00.000,MPEGTS:900000 131 05:59.280 --> 06:02.710 key called device at the very top now in the end of the thing I'm going to put 132 06:02.710 --> 06:03.520 the same type of 133 06:03.520 --> 06:07.010 information that we just saw before so I'll say the device type is equal to 134 06:07.010 --> 06:08.640 Cisco iOS I'll say the 135 06:08.640 --> 06:16.730 host is equal to 192 168 1.101 I'll have the username as admin and the password 136 06:16.730 --> 06:17.760 as admin password 137 06:17.760 --> 06:22.370 okay so now we have this separate file and what I want to do is I want to read 138 06:22.370 --> 06:23.440 in the content from 139 06:23.440 --> 06:27.570 that particular file so we know how to do this we can import the YAML directory 140 06:27.570 --> 06:28.320 or rather the YAML 141 06:28.320 --> 06:32.540 directory the YAML library and we want to make this information accessible so WEBVTT X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=LOCAL:00:00:00.000,MPEGTS:900000 141 06:28.320 --> 06:32.540 directory the YAML library and we want to make this information accessible so 142 06:32.540 --> 06:33.520 once again we're going 143 06:33.520 --> 06:38.260 to use another context manager so I'll say with open and then I'll specify the 144 06:38.260 --> 06:39.440 name of the file I want 145 06:39.440 --> 06:43.430 to open which in my case here is going to be infantory dot YAML and I'll have 146 06:43.430 --> 06:44.720 my comma we want to open 147 06:44.720 --> 06:49.900 it in read mode and I'll just say as target file which maybe say device info is 148 06:49.900 --> 06:50.800 equal to and I'll 149 06:50.800 --> 06:54.800 take the YAML library use the safe load function and I'll pass in the target 150 06:54.800 --> 06:56.000 file so now I've opened 151 06:56.000 --> 07:00.300 up this particular file and save the content as structured data into this WEBVTT X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=LOCAL:00:00:00.000,MPEGTS:900000 151 06:56.000 --> 07:00.300 up this particular file and save the content as structured data into this 152 07:00.300 --> 07:01.360 variable right here 153 07:01.360 --> 07:05.290 device info so right now if I happen to print device info and for the moment 154 07:05.290 --> 07:06.000 here if I just 155 07:06.000 --> 07:09.680 comment all this out so this portion does not execute okay so this is not going 156 07:09.680 --> 07:10.640 to have any effect 157 07:10.640 --> 07:13.400 anymore and before I do that actually let's make sure I've spelled that 158 07:13.400 --> 07:14.400 correctly that should be 159 07:14.400 --> 07:18.310 dot YAML not dot YAML so now let's try to run the script look at this right 160 07:18.310 --> 07:19.360 here okay see this 161 07:19.360 --> 07:23.700 we have this dictionary object now if I just grab this device key this is going 162 07:23.700 --> 07:24.880 to give me access to 163 07:24.880 --> 07:29.970 all of this inner information okay let's just do this grab this key save you 164 07:29.970 --> 07:31.520 are a up now we have WEBVTT X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=LOCAL:00:00:00.000,MPEGTS:900000 164 07:29.970 --> 07:31.520 are a up now we have 165 07:31.520 --> 07:35.700 access to all the exact same information that we saw before device type the 166 07:35.700 --> 07:37.040 host username as well 167 07:37.040 --> 07:41.630 as a password and we want to now pass this information into netmeco so as 168 07:41.630 --> 07:42.640 opposed to printing this 169 07:42.640 --> 07:45.890 out what I will do is just get rid of this print statements and I'll just say 170 07:45.890 --> 07:46.880 device is equal to 171 07:46.880 --> 07:51.650 whatever it is we're parsing out right there so now if I just grab all this and 172 07:51.650 --> 07:52.800 I uncomment it so 173 07:52.800 --> 07:56.900 it's going to execute once again now what's happening is we open the actual YAM 174 07:56.900 --> 07:58.480 L file we then load it 175 07:58.480 --> 08:03.200 using YAML save it into this particular variable we parse out the top level key WEBVTT X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=LOCAL:00:00:00.000,MPEGTS:900000 175 07:58.480 --> 08:03.200 using YAML save it into this particular variable we parse out the top level key 176 08:03.200 --> 08:04.400 right here device 177 08:04.400 --> 08:07.850 and if you look at the data here this is the top level key meaning that when we 178 08:07.850 --> 08:08.880 parse it out we get 179 08:08.880 --> 08:13.720 access to all of the inner data right here and this is now stored as a variable 180 08:13.720 --> 08:15.120 known as device 181 08:15.120 --> 08:19.840 which we then pass in to netmeco right here which ultimately means you pass all 182 08:19.840 --> 08:21.280 of that data all 183 08:21.280 --> 08:25.110 of this data right here directly into netmeco and netmeco can now connect to 184 08:25.110 --> 08:26.800 this particular device 185 08:26.800 --> 08:30.330 so let's clear the screen arrow up try again and as we can see here we are once WEBVTT X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=LOCAL:00:00:00.000,MPEGTS:900000 185 08:26.800 --> 08:30.330 so let's clear the screen arrow up try again and as we can see here we are once 186 08:30.330 --> 08:31.360 again connecting to 187 08:31.360 --> 08:36.370 our device this time though we're reading it from an inventory YAML file now so 188 08:36.370 --> 08:37.200 far we have made 189 08:37.200 --> 08:40.820 two good steps the first thing we did was connect to a device by directly 190 08:40.820 --> 08:42.000 baking in the connection 191 08:42.000 --> 08:46.070 details within our Python script and then the second one was to load in the 192 08:46.070 --> 08:47.200 information from a 193 08:47.200 --> 08:50.980 separate YAML file now as it transpires right now we are only connecting to a 194 08:50.980 --> 08:52.240 singular device 195 08:52.240 --> 08:56.880 and this is quite frankly not so useful when you have many many devices so how 196 08:56.880 --> 08:57.920 about we modify what 197 08:57.920 --> 09:02.120 is in that inventory YAML file to include the rest of our devices and then we WEBVTT X-TIMESTAMP-MAP=LOCAL:00:00:00.000,MPEGTS:900000 197 08:57.920 --> 09:02.120 is in that inventory YAML file to include the rest of our devices and then we 198 09:02.120 --> 09:02.880 'll talk about how we 199 09:02.880 --> 09:06.540 can introduce a loop into this script to go through all of those devices sequ 200 09:06.540 --> 09:07.760 entially and send that 201 09:07.760 --> 09:10.240 command to all of the devices in the network