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Now that we've set up the
basics of our Python script,

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it's time to start doing things.

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And the first thing
that a Python script

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does with the REST API is
typically, get logged in.

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Just like we said
when we were talking

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about APIs in a previous
skill, we log in to a website.

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Well, guess what?

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Applications have to
log in as well when

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it interacts with an API.

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So what we have to do first,
the first block of code

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that we're really going
to start interpreting,

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is how do we get our
application, our Python script,

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logged into FirePOWER
Management Center
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logged into FirePOWER
Management Center

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so that way any
subsequent requests

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or subsequent blocks of
code can use that already

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authenticated session.

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That's what this
section is all about.

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Let's get going.

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So we did a great
job setting up what

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we're supposed to be doing.

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When we're building this
script, we imported some info,

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we set up some
variables so that we

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can reuse that stuff
later down the road

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without having to type it all.

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Now, it's time to perform
the first big action,

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and that's getting logged in
to FirePOWER Management Center.
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and that's getting logged in
to FirePOWER Management Center.

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Here's the big thing.

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When you log into FirePOWER
Management Center,

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you click that little
Submit button, what

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really happens under the hood?

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FirePOWER Management
Center send back a token,

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and your web browser
holds that token.

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That way anything you do
after the fact just re

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sends that token it says, hey,
I'm already authenticated.

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Well, our API works
the exact same way.

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It's going to be sending off
your username and password

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to FMC, and FMC returns a token.
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to FMC, and FMC returns a token.

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So our code has to
be able to send off

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that information first of
all, but then receive and hold

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that token.

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That way any requests we
do after the fact, we can

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say, and look, here's my token.

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I'm already authenticated.

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That's what this batch of
code does, but beyond that,

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this batch of code also
handles, what do we

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do if it doesn't work right?

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What if there is an error?

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So there's a lot going on
during this login request

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but you're going to
learn a lot about Python.

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Let's jump into it.

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So now, if I scroll down,
we're starting with lines 13,
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So now, if I scroll down,
we're starting with lines 13,

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and you see
immediately, we've got

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this thing that's called try.

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That's literally
what it's doing.

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It says, try to run
all of this code that's

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indented right here.

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And if there's any problem, if
there's an exception or error,

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meaning maybe it's going
through this line of code

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or this line of code
or this line of code

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or this line of code,
anything that happens

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in this indented that
doesn't work and it breaks,

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jump down to the exception.
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jump down to the exception.

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This, in Python, is
called a try-except block.

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And in a lot of other languages,
it's called a try-catch block.

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In fact, Python is the
only one that I've ever

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seen that calls this
an except block.

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Pretty much every other language
that I've ever worked with

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calls it a try-catch block.

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But the idea with Python is that
it's very specific about what

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stuff gets indented.

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It knows that when you say try,
followed by a little colon,

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do everything under
the indentation.
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do everything under
the indentation.

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And the except block says
that if there is a problem,

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grab that exception,
and then here I've said,

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print it out to the terminal.

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Basically, when you run the
code, if there is a problem,

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let us know what
that problem is.

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Print out your little
error right there.

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So now that we know that what
we're doing is we're first

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going to try to run a block of
code, and if there's a problem,

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print that error out-- they
also call this throwing an error

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or raising an error--

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we're now going to focus on what
is it that we're trying to do.
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we're now going to focus on what
is it that we're trying to do.

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Actually, let me clear
the screen like this,

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and I'm going to mark
this out right here,

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and we're going to focus
on just this line of code.

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I'm even going to clean off the
screen a little bit like this.

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This is where your familiarity
with the HTTP protocol

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really needs to shine.

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You see, HTTP performs actions
that they call methods.

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For instance, if you're just
trying to browse to a website

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and retrieve data-- maybe
you're just trying to browse

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a shopping website--
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a shopping website--

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you'll be doing what's
called a get request.

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When you go to google.com
or cbtnuggets.com,

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for the first time,
you're performing

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a get request because you're
getting the HTML documents,

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you're getting
the CSS documents,

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you're getting the
JavaScript documents.

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However, you may see a little
Search field right there.

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There's a little text box,
and you can type whatever text

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you want into that Search box.

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Then you see a
big Submit button.

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When you type into these Search
fields, you're creating data.
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When you type into these Search
fields, you're creating data.

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You're creating new
information, and you're

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telling it to perform some
action with that information.

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When you provide
inputs into a website

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and you tell it to
perform some action,

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this is no longer a get request.

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This is called a post request.

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So if you think about it,
when you browse to a website

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and you see a login
page that's got username

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and a little field for you
to type in your username

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and password and a
little field for you

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to type in your password
and then a Go button,
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to type in your password
and then a Go button,

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guess what you're doing?

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When you type in your username,
when you type in your password

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and you click that
Go button, you

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are posting your log in
information into the website,

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and that website is
supposed to do something

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with this post request.

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Typically, it validates
that you're the correct user

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and returns to you some
sort of token or cookie

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so that you can stay logged in.

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That's exactly what
we're doing here.

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And if you recall,
scrolling up just to here,

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we imported the request
library so that we

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could work with HTTP endpoints.
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could work with HTTP endpoints.

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So now when I scroll
back down, you

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can kind of see exactly
what we're doing right here.

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With the request
library, we're going

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to be performing a post request.

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We're going to be sending
in our data to the URL

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and the login your URL endpoint
that we specified above.

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We're specifying authentication.

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This is our username
and password

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that we're storing
in a variable.

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Now, this little thing
just verify equals false.

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This is if you're using a
self-signed certificate.
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This is if you're using a
self-signed certificate.

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This is saying, don't verify
the certificate on the website.

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That FirePOWER Management
Center website sometimes

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doesn't have a
valid certificate,

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so by saying verify
equals false,

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it's just going to ignore
the correct certificate.

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But do you see what's
happening here?

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We're using the post HTTP
method to send in data,

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our username and password.

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And we specify
the URL that we're

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sending it into right here.

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So we say request.post
then open parentheses.

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The first thing that
comes is the URL.
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The first thing that
comes is the URL.

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The second thing that
comes is authentication

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that's specified by
username and password,

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and then that's
really it if you don't

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have a self-signed certificate.

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This line of code,
this post does actually

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perform the post request.

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It actually sends
in that information

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that we stored in
the variables above.

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So pause right now in this
time and try and piece

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all of these together.

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See that this URL gets squeezed
in right here and the login

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your URL gets
squeezed in right here
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your URL gets
squeezed in right here

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and the username and password
gets squeezed in right here.

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And that's how it knows
where to send a post request

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and what data it needs to send
into that post request too.

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Now, that we've
uncommented this out,

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take a look at what
we've got here.

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We fire off our
post request to FMC,

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and FMC is going to
send back a response.

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So this block of code
performs the post action,

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and it gets a response back.

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That response is what we're
storing in this variable,
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That response is what we're
storing in this variable,

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and that response contains
all sorts of data.

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It includes a payload
of information,

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but it also includes headers,
and in those headers,

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it contains our token.

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So in the next line of code
right here, what we're doing is

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we're parsing out just
the headers that came back

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from our response, and we're
holding just the headers

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in this variable here.

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That we can easily work with
just the info and the headers.

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I don't have to worry about
any other information that
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I don't have to worry about
any other information that

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came back in the response,
like any text or the payload

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or status codes or
anything like that.

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So we've posted in the data.

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We've now grabbed
just the headers

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that came back in the response.

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And from those headers, I can
grab the specific header that

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we need, the
x-auth-access-token.

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This is our token that we
need in subsequent requests.

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Once we've gotten
just that token,

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we store that token in
a variable called token.

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And the last thing
we need to do is
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And the last thing
we need to do is

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we need to make sure that
we actually did get a token.

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So we'll say, if
the token is empty--

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that's what none means--

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print out a little
message that says

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we failed to get the
token, try again,

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and then exit the script.

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And then the very
last thing that we do

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is we add our token
to our own headers

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that we specified above when
we specified the content

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type of JSON.

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Now look, I know that's
a lot, but this is

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what kind of goes in the APIs.

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Moving into network
automation is
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Moving into network
automation is

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kind of like taking two
steps back so that you

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can make a huge leap forward.

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Not only do you have to learn
about how Python itself works,

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but now you also have to
learn the nitty-gritty details

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about the HTTP protocol.

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This is why I say, again,
feel free to pause.

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Go back, watch this
content over and over again

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if that's what it takes
because when I was learning

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this stuff not
too long ago, this

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was stuff that took me a
week or more to finally grasp

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and get the hang of.

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This is OK to repeat
over and over again.
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This is OK to repeat
over and over again.

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But let's repeat what we've done
so far in this particular code.

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We're looking at a
try and except block.

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That way we're making
sure that we're

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trying to perform
these login requests.

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We're trying to perform the
post request to grab the header.

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And if anything goes wrong,
we can just back out of it

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and say, this
error occurred when

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we were trying to post it in.

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Here, on this particular
block of code,

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we post in to this URL what
our username and password are.

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And then we store the tire
a response in a variable
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And then we store the tire
a response in a variable

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called login response.

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That response contains
lots of stuff.

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It contains a payload of data.

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It contains a status code.

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It contains headers,
and those headers

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are what we really care about.

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So in the next line, we say,
from the login response,

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everything that came back,
grab just the headers.

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I only care about the headers.

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So we store those headers
in a variable called

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just-the-response-headers.

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Once we have
just-the-response-headers,
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Once we have
just-the-response-headers,

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I can say, get me this
particular header.

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I only want this one header.

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That's the x-auth-access-token.

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That's the token
that was returned

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upon a successful login request.

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And I stored that token
in a variable by itself.

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You see how we kind of
whittling it down a little bit?

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We've got this huge response
that we store in a variable.

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Then we grab just
the headers, and we

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store that in a variable.

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Then we grab just one header,
the x-auth-access-token that we
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Then we grab just one header,
the x-auth-access-token that we

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11:00.280 --> 11:02.440 align:middle line:90%
store in a variable
called token.

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We validate that that
token isn't empty.

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It can't be none.

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It has to add some info.

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And lastly, we add that
token to the headers

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that we created above.

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That way in our next
request, we can just say,

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hey, use those headers that
specify what my token is.

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We don't have to worry about
copying and pasting tokens

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over and over again.

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We just stored the
token in a variable

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and then tacked it
onto our headers

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that we're going to
use in the next Nugget.

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So that's getting
logged into a REST API.
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So that's getting
logged into a REST API.

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Honestly, this is one
of the hardest parts

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about working with an
API in any platform

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is just getting authenticated.

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But that's how you get
authenticated to FirePOWER

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11:39.130 --> 11:41.052 align:middle line:90%
Management Center
Security Appliance.

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I hope this has been
informative for you,

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11:42.760 --> 11:45.060 align:middle line:90%
and I'd like to thank
you for viewing.