1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:03,297 [AUDIO LOGO] 2 00:00:03,297 --> 00:00:07,070 3 00:00:07,070 --> 00:00:11,720 So now that we've gotten some more detail on multiarea OSPF, 4 00:00:11,720 --> 00:00:15,020 now let's jump in and look at our different LSA 5 00:00:15,020 --> 00:00:19,910 types and the role that they play in our multiarea SPF 6 00:00:19,910 --> 00:00:21,150 topology. 7 00:00:21,150 --> 00:00:22,800 So we're going to start off, of course, 8 00:00:22,800 --> 00:00:27,350 by looking at type 1 and type 2 LSAs that work within the area. 9 00:00:27,350 --> 00:00:31,220 Then we'll look at our type 3 LSAs between the areas. 10 00:00:31,220 --> 00:00:36,410 We'll look at our external LSAs, our LSAs for our ASBR-- 11 00:00:36,410 --> 00:00:38,840 so our summary ASBR entries. 12 00:00:38,840 --> 00:00:43,010 And then we'll finally wrap up by taking a look at LSAs 13 00:00:43,010 --> 00:00:47,960 that we use in a not so stubby area or an NSSA. 14 00:00:47,960 --> 00:00:50,090 So we'll take a look at each of these. 15 00:00:50,090 --> 00:00:52,340 And then in our next video, we'll 16 00:00:52,340 --> 00:00:56,340 actually jump in and see these in action on the routers. 17 00:00:56,340 --> 00:00:58,460 So for now, let's jump in and take a look 18 00:00:58,460 --> 00:01:05,110 at the role of each LSA in the multiarea OSPF topology. 19 00:01:05,110 --> 00:01:08,020 So our first LSA type is of course 20 00:01:08,020 --> 00:01:12,850 going to be LSA type 1, otherwise known as the router 21 00:01:12,850 --> 00:01:14,520 LSA. 22 00:01:14,520 --> 00:01:19,650 So the type 1 LSA is generated by all routers in OSPF. 23 00:01:19,650 --> 00:01:23,040 And as such, this serves as the fundamental building 24 00:01:23,040 --> 00:01:26,250 block for our OSPF database. 25 00:01:26,250 --> 00:01:29,880 This is what contains all the information 26 00:01:29,880 --> 00:01:32,860 about the router and its links. 27 00:01:32,860 --> 00:01:35,640 So this is going to include things like the router ID 28 00:01:35,640 --> 00:01:39,900 to identify the router, as well as the current status of all 29 00:01:39,900 --> 00:01:41,620 of its interfaces. 30 00:01:41,620 --> 00:01:46,450 Now, since this is the detailed information for the database, 31 00:01:46,450 --> 00:01:50,080 this is going to be contained within an area. 32 00:01:50,080 --> 00:01:54,240 So if we were to, for example, pick on router 7 here, 33 00:01:54,240 --> 00:01:58,950 it's type 1 LSA will be sent over here to router 8. 34 00:01:58,950 --> 00:02:02,820 It would be sent up to router 6, to router 1, 35 00:02:02,820 --> 00:02:04,620 and over to router 3. 36 00:02:04,620 --> 00:02:07,440 However, it won't go any further than that. 37 00:02:07,440 --> 00:02:11,940 Router 6 would not flood it into area 200. 38 00:02:11,940 --> 00:02:17,850 Router 1 and router 3 would not flood it into area 100. 39 00:02:17,850 --> 00:02:22,960 Type 1 LSAs are completely confined within the area. 40 00:02:22,960 --> 00:02:27,420 And again, they're used to define the routers themselves. 41 00:02:27,420 --> 00:02:32,880 Next is the type 2, or the network LSA. 42 00:02:32,880 --> 00:02:38,280 Now, this is generated by the DR, or the Designated Router, 43 00:02:38,280 --> 00:02:41,100 on a broadcast network type. 44 00:02:41,100 --> 00:02:45,790 In our example, we actually have two broadcast network types. 45 00:02:45,790 --> 00:02:48,840 So let's take a look at the one in area 0. 46 00:02:48,840 --> 00:02:51,480 We have three routers connected to this-- 47 00:02:51,480 --> 00:02:56,100 router 6, router 7, and router 1. 48 00:02:56,100 --> 00:03:04,314 These are all connected to this common subnet 50.0.167.0/24. 49 00:03:04,314 --> 00:03:08,940 One of these routers will be elected as the DR. 50 00:03:08,940 --> 00:03:12,300 Keep in mind that the default for this election 51 00:03:12,300 --> 00:03:16,620 is to go with the router with the highest priority. 52 00:03:16,620 --> 00:03:20,280 All routers, by default, have a priority of one. 53 00:03:20,280 --> 00:03:24,040 So if we as administrators don't take control over this, 54 00:03:24,040 --> 00:03:27,930 it will then go to the router with the highest router ID. 55 00:03:27,930 --> 00:03:31,930 The router ID is generally based on its loopback interface. 56 00:03:31,930 --> 00:03:33,390 So therefore, it would probably go 57 00:03:33,390 --> 00:03:36,030 to the router with the highest loopback address. 58 00:03:36,030 --> 00:03:39,640 In our example, that would, in fact, be router 7 here. 59 00:03:39,640 --> 00:03:42,510 So let's go ahead and label that as our DR, 60 00:03:42,510 --> 00:03:45,210 assuming that that's the router that would have won. 61 00:03:45,210 --> 00:03:48,510 So if router 7 becomes the DR, that 62 00:03:48,510 --> 00:03:50,790 means that router 7 is going to be the one 63 00:03:50,790 --> 00:03:53,340 to generate this LSA. 64 00:03:53,340 --> 00:03:58,620 This would get sent to router 3, to router 6, to router 1, 65 00:03:58,620 --> 00:04:01,950 and of course, over here to router 8. 66 00:04:01,950 --> 00:04:05,370 Once again, it gets flooded through the whole area. 67 00:04:05,370 --> 00:04:10,140 This contains information about that multiaccess network 68 00:04:10,140 --> 00:04:11,260 segment. 69 00:04:11,260 --> 00:04:17,459 So this contains information about this 50.0.167.0/24 70 00:04:17,459 --> 00:04:18,279 network. 71 00:04:18,279 --> 00:04:21,510 Now, just like the type 1 LSAs, these 72 00:04:21,510 --> 00:04:25,860 are also going to be contained within the area, which means, 73 00:04:25,860 --> 00:04:30,840 once again, router 6 will not send this into area 200. 74 00:04:30,840 --> 00:04:37,320 And router 1 and router 3 will not send this into area 100. 75 00:04:37,320 --> 00:04:39,840 The main purpose of doing this is 76 00:04:39,840 --> 00:04:41,910 so that all of the routers connected 77 00:04:41,910 --> 00:04:44,340 to this multiaccess segment don't 78 00:04:44,340 --> 00:04:49,930 have to generate the type 1 LSAs for that link individually. 79 00:04:49,930 --> 00:04:53,400 So the idea is we send this information out. 80 00:04:53,400 --> 00:04:58,320 The DR tells everybody else which routers are connected 81 00:04:58,320 --> 00:05:00,570 to this multiaccess segment. 82 00:05:00,570 --> 00:05:02,790 We'll see this in the next video when 83 00:05:02,790 --> 00:05:05,560 we look at these in a little more detail. 84 00:05:05,560 --> 00:05:07,960 Keep in mind, as well, in our example, 85 00:05:07,960 --> 00:05:11,550 this same thing would happen for this segment over here 86 00:05:11,550 --> 00:05:16,360 in area 100, which is also a multiaccess segment. 87 00:05:16,360 --> 00:05:20,490 In other words, it's network type broadcast. 88 00:05:20,490 --> 00:05:26,460 Next up is the type 3 LSA, or the summary LSA. 89 00:05:26,460 --> 00:05:32,490 This is the LSA that's actually generated by ABRs to represent 90 00:05:32,490 --> 00:05:35,140 the prefixes in this area. 91 00:05:35,140 --> 00:05:40,920 So say, for example, router 7 has a loopback interface. 92 00:05:40,920 --> 00:05:47,070 That interface will get sent with a type 1 LSA to router 6. 93 00:05:47,070 --> 00:05:50,280 Since router 6 is in fact an ABR, 94 00:05:50,280 --> 00:05:55,590 it will then generate a type 3 LSA into area 200, 95 00:05:55,590 --> 00:05:58,770 representing router 7's loopback. 96 00:05:58,770 --> 00:06:01,470 At the same time, router 7 is also 97 00:06:01,470 --> 00:06:06,810 going to send this to router 1 and router 3 with type 1 LSAs. 98 00:06:06,810 --> 00:06:12,960 And both router 1 and router 3 will generate a type 3 LSA 99 00:06:12,960 --> 00:06:16,830 into area 100, again, representing 100 00:06:16,830 --> 00:06:19,380 router 7's loopback. 101 00:06:19,380 --> 00:06:23,970 This happens, of course, for every prefix in every area. 102 00:06:23,970 --> 00:06:27,000 We're just picking on router 7's loopback. 103 00:06:27,000 --> 00:06:29,400 But we would have the exact same thing 104 00:06:29,400 --> 00:06:31,120 going the other direction. 105 00:06:31,120 --> 00:06:33,300 So if we were talking about router 4's loopback, 106 00:06:33,300 --> 00:06:37,410 for example, once again, it would go as a type 1 107 00:06:37,410 --> 00:06:39,330 over here to router 3. 108 00:06:39,330 --> 00:06:42,810 And router 3, of course, would generate that type 3 109 00:06:42,810 --> 00:06:44,370 into area 0. 110 00:06:44,370 --> 00:06:47,250 So again, this is going to be for all prefixes 111 00:06:47,250 --> 00:06:50,770 in all directions between all the areas. 112 00:06:50,770 --> 00:06:53,070 And that's what this point is that it's 113 00:06:53,070 --> 00:06:58,080 used to advertise the prefixes from one area 114 00:06:58,080 --> 00:07:00,210 into another area. 115 00:07:00,210 --> 00:07:02,400 As we just demonstrated, this is going 116 00:07:02,400 --> 00:07:08,590 to be flooded both into the backbone and into other areas. 117 00:07:08,590 --> 00:07:12,570 Now, remember what we learned in our previous video 118 00:07:12,570 --> 00:07:17,250 that when we get these type 3 LSAs in another area, 119 00:07:17,250 --> 00:07:19,650 yes, we have to update our database, 120 00:07:19,650 --> 00:07:22,020 either adding or removing the prefix. 121 00:07:22,020 --> 00:07:25,350 And of course, that causes us to update our routing table, 122 00:07:25,350 --> 00:07:27,480 either adding or removing the route. 123 00:07:27,480 --> 00:07:31,680 But we do not run SPF, Shortest Path First, 124 00:07:31,680 --> 00:07:34,590 or Dijkstra's algorithm in response 125 00:07:34,590 --> 00:07:37,650 to receiving these type 3 LSAs. 126 00:07:37,650 --> 00:07:42,420 Also keep in mind that although these are called summary LSAs, 127 00:07:42,420 --> 00:07:45,870 it's referring to the fact that it's a database summary. 128 00:07:45,870 --> 00:07:49,620 Don't look at this as a network summarization. 129 00:07:49,620 --> 00:07:53,130 This is where we can create a network summarization, 130 00:07:53,130 --> 00:07:56,370 but we have to do that manually as administrators. 131 00:07:56,370 --> 00:08:00,540 Now, we can do that to help reduce or control 132 00:08:00,540 --> 00:08:05,040 the flooding of these type 3 LSAs into other areas. 133 00:08:05,040 --> 00:08:07,440 And we'll look at that in a future skill 134 00:08:07,440 --> 00:08:11,700 when we get to summarization and filtering between areas. 135 00:08:11,700 --> 00:08:13,380 But keep in mind that that's going 136 00:08:13,380 --> 00:08:17,340 to be talking about controlling these type 3 LSAs. 137 00:08:17,340 --> 00:08:21,990 By default, all prefixes are sent into all other areas 138 00:08:21,990 --> 00:08:25,390 with a type 3 LSA. 139 00:08:25,390 --> 00:08:29,778 Next is the type 5 LSA, or the external. 140 00:08:29,778 --> 00:08:31,820 Maybe you're thinking to yourself, wait a minute, 141 00:08:31,820 --> 00:08:33,789 what happened to the type 4? 142 00:08:33,789 --> 00:08:35,710 We're going to get to the type 4. 143 00:08:35,710 --> 00:08:39,909 But since the type 4 is to support the type 5, 144 00:08:39,909 --> 00:08:43,690 it actually sort of makes sense to talk about the type 5 first, 145 00:08:43,690 --> 00:08:46,700 even though, numerically, that's not exactly in order. 146 00:08:46,700 --> 00:08:49,390 So let's talk about the type 5 first. 147 00:08:49,390 --> 00:08:53,830 This is going to be generated by the ASBR That's 148 00:08:53,830 --> 00:08:57,580 doing redistribution into OSPF. 149 00:08:57,580 --> 00:09:00,790 In our example, that would be R2. 150 00:09:00,790 --> 00:09:03,100 This is our ASBR. 151 00:09:03,100 --> 00:09:06,910 And what it's doing is taking the EIGRP prefixes 152 00:09:06,910 --> 00:09:10,570 and redistributing them into OSPF. 153 00:09:10,570 --> 00:09:13,450 This is going to come in as a type 5. 154 00:09:13,450 --> 00:09:17,620 So again, this is going to be advertising those prefixes 155 00:09:17,620 --> 00:09:22,270 from an external protocol in this example, such as EIGRP, 156 00:09:22,270 --> 00:09:25,510 into the OSPF domain. 157 00:09:25,510 --> 00:09:29,950 This is then going to be flooded through the OSPF domain. 158 00:09:29,950 --> 00:09:33,820 Well, what that means is when R2 sends this in, 159 00:09:33,820 --> 00:09:35,980 it's going to go to R4. 160 00:09:35,980 --> 00:09:38,440 It's going to go to R5. 161 00:09:38,440 --> 00:09:41,290 It's going to go to R1. 162 00:09:41,290 --> 00:09:43,560 4 is going to send it over here to 3. 163 00:09:43,560 --> 00:09:46,280 Router 1 is going to send it into 6. 164 00:09:46,280 --> 00:09:48,260 6 is going to send it to 10. 165 00:09:48,260 --> 00:09:50,840 1's going to send it to 7, and so on. 166 00:09:50,840 --> 00:09:52,520 Of course, 7 sends it to 8. 167 00:09:52,520 --> 00:09:53,660 3 sends it to 7. 168 00:09:53,660 --> 00:09:54,740 You get the idea. 169 00:09:54,740 --> 00:09:58,060 It's going to be flooded everywhere. 170 00:09:58,060 --> 00:10:00,820 Now, the reason this is important to understand 171 00:10:00,820 --> 00:10:03,910 that we're flooding the type 5 LSA 172 00:10:03,910 --> 00:10:07,480 unaltered through our network is this 173 00:10:07,480 --> 00:10:10,630 helps us understand why we need the type 4. 174 00:10:10,630 --> 00:10:15,250 For example, in this case, this being flooded from router 2, 175 00:10:15,250 --> 00:10:17,410 it's going to have an advertising router 176 00:10:17,410 --> 00:10:21,340 ID of router 2's loopback, which, in our example, 177 00:10:21,340 --> 00:10:24,190 would be 10.2.2.2. 178 00:10:24,190 --> 00:10:27,790 That's all fine when it gets to router 1 and router 179 00:10:27,790 --> 00:10:31,600 3 and router 4, router 5 even, because they're 180 00:10:31,600 --> 00:10:34,120 in the same area as router 2. 181 00:10:34,120 --> 00:10:37,960 And they would have a type 1 LSA for router 2. 182 00:10:37,960 --> 00:10:40,330 But what happens when that information 183 00:10:40,330 --> 00:10:44,410 goes into another area, such as, in our case, area 0? 184 00:10:44,410 --> 00:10:46,600 It gets to say router 7. 185 00:10:46,600 --> 00:10:51,010 Router 7 has no idea where router 2 is. 186 00:10:51,010 --> 00:10:54,850 And that is what we need the type 4 LSA for. 187 00:10:54,850 --> 00:10:56,970 Let's take a look. 188 00:10:56,970 --> 00:11:00,590 So again, our next type is the LSA type 4. 189 00:11:00,590 --> 00:11:04,010 This is called an ASBR summary. 190 00:11:04,010 --> 00:11:06,140 Now, this is going to be generated 191 00:11:06,140 --> 00:11:11,780 by the ABRs for the area, much like a type 3, actually. 192 00:11:11,780 --> 00:11:15,530 However, instead of advertising prefixes 193 00:11:15,530 --> 00:11:18,560 from one area to another, it's instead 194 00:11:18,560 --> 00:11:23,930 advertising the router ID of the ASBR. 195 00:11:23,930 --> 00:11:26,990 Remember what we said when we were talking about the type 196 00:11:26,990 --> 00:11:27,830 5's. 197 00:11:27,830 --> 00:11:31,580 When this type 5, again, reaches, say, router 7, 198 00:11:31,580 --> 00:11:37,220 it's going to have on it the router ID of 10.2.2.2. 199 00:11:37,220 --> 00:11:40,760 The problem is router 7 literally has 200 00:11:40,760 --> 00:11:44,870 no idea where 10.2.2.2 is. 201 00:11:44,870 --> 00:11:49,160 So how could I possibly use this type 5 LSA 202 00:11:49,160 --> 00:11:52,250 if I don't know where the advertising router is? 203 00:11:52,250 --> 00:11:54,800 Because it's in a different area. 204 00:11:54,800 --> 00:11:57,530 And this is where the type 4 comes in. 205 00:11:57,530 --> 00:12:01,610 The type 4's are going to be generated by the ABRs 206 00:12:01,610 --> 00:12:06,260 and sent out into the area, advertising the router ID 207 00:12:06,260 --> 00:12:08,090 of the ASBR. 208 00:12:08,090 --> 00:12:10,340 This will get forwarded through the whole network. 209 00:12:10,340 --> 00:12:13,550 Once I receive this type 4 LSA-- 210 00:12:13,550 --> 00:12:16,880 and again, everybody will get it because it is flooded, 211 00:12:16,880 --> 00:12:22,410 just like the type 3's into the backbone and the other areas. 212 00:12:22,410 --> 00:12:27,260 Now, all of a sudden, router 7 knows exactly where 213 00:12:27,260 --> 00:12:28,850 10.2.2.2 is. 214 00:12:28,850 --> 00:12:30,770 It's no longer a question. 215 00:12:30,770 --> 00:12:35,570 And now router 7 can use the type 5 LSA. 216 00:12:35,570 --> 00:12:40,520 Our next LSA type is the LSA type 7. 217 00:12:40,520 --> 00:12:43,730 This is NSSA external. 218 00:12:43,730 --> 00:12:47,600 Now, this one is going to be generated by an ASBR 219 00:12:47,600 --> 00:12:51,290 but specifically in a not so stubby area. 220 00:12:51,290 --> 00:12:56,600 So for example, let's say that area 200 up here is an NSSA. 221 00:12:56,600 --> 00:12:59,780 Router 10 has a loopback interface on it 222 00:12:59,780 --> 00:13:03,380 that it is redistributing into OSPF. 223 00:13:03,380 --> 00:13:10,190 This will be sent as a type 7 to get it through the NSSA. 224 00:13:10,190 --> 00:13:16,040 Now, once it gets to router 6, which is acting as the ABR-- 225 00:13:16,040 --> 00:13:19,880 remember, router 10 is acting as the ASBR in this case-- 226 00:13:19,880 --> 00:13:23,270 router 6, being the ABR, will then 227 00:13:23,270 --> 00:13:26,960 translate this and send it into the rest of the network 228 00:13:26,960 --> 00:13:30,570 as a typical type 5 LSA. 229 00:13:30,570 --> 00:13:34,340 So again, this is to advertise the prefixes 230 00:13:34,340 --> 00:13:38,460 from that external protocol into the NSSA itself. 231 00:13:38,460 --> 00:13:43,220 And this one is contained within the NSSA 232 00:13:43,220 --> 00:13:48,530 because it's translated to a type 5 at the first ABR. 233 00:13:48,530 --> 00:13:52,910 Now, I realize we haven't really gotten into OSPF area types 234 00:13:52,910 --> 00:13:53,420 yet. 235 00:13:53,420 --> 00:13:58,700 And you may not fully understand what an NSSA is at this point. 236 00:13:58,700 --> 00:14:00,080 And that's OK. 237 00:14:00,080 --> 00:14:02,150 I only bring it up here so that we've 238 00:14:02,150 --> 00:14:05,990 at least seen that there's something called a type 7 LSA 239 00:14:05,990 --> 00:14:08,570 and that we use it in an NSSA. 240 00:14:08,570 --> 00:14:12,270 NSSA will be covered in a future skill. 241 00:14:12,270 --> 00:14:16,835 And we will be jumping into it in much more detail. 242 00:14:16,835 --> 00:14:18,210 Now, you might have noticed as we 243 00:14:18,210 --> 00:14:19,585 were going through our discussion 244 00:14:19,585 --> 00:14:23,160 there that we actually skipped quite a few LSAs. 245 00:14:23,160 --> 00:14:27,060 For example, we skipped right over type 6. 246 00:14:27,060 --> 00:14:31,920 And that's because type 6 is used for multicast. 247 00:14:31,920 --> 00:14:35,670 Quite frankly, it's not a very popular implementation. 248 00:14:35,670 --> 00:14:41,940 And Cisco has actually never supported multicast with OSPF. 249 00:14:41,940 --> 00:14:45,000 We're not talking about OSPF using multicast. 250 00:14:45,000 --> 00:14:48,330 We're talking about multicast using OSPF. 251 00:14:48,330 --> 00:14:52,170 Type 8 is used for BGP interaction 252 00:14:52,170 --> 00:14:55,350 in the case of OSPF version 2. 253 00:14:55,350 --> 00:14:58,330 And in the case of OSPF version 3, 254 00:14:58,330 --> 00:15:01,680 these are used for link LSAs. 255 00:15:01,680 --> 00:15:07,620 Remember that OSPF version 3 is specifically for IPv6. 256 00:15:07,620 --> 00:15:12,720 As such, it has to deal with link-local addresses. 257 00:15:12,720 --> 00:15:17,460 Type 8's are used to carry link-local information just 258 00:15:17,460 --> 00:15:20,310 between directly connected neighbors. 259 00:15:20,310 --> 00:15:24,300 Type 9's, in the case of OSPF version 2, 260 00:15:24,300 --> 00:15:28,260 these are just referred to as opaque LSAs. 261 00:15:28,260 --> 00:15:31,350 Opaque LSA is really just a way of saying 262 00:15:31,350 --> 00:15:36,330 that it has no specific or specified function in the RFCs. 263 00:15:36,330 --> 00:15:39,460 Now, it can be used for other things. 264 00:15:39,460 --> 00:15:42,360 And we'll see some uses for these opaque LSAs 265 00:15:42,360 --> 00:15:45,220 as we move through this entire course. 266 00:15:45,220 --> 00:15:49,590 Now, the type 9's in the case of OSPF version 3, 267 00:15:49,590 --> 00:15:53,010 these are your interarea prefixes. 268 00:15:53,010 --> 00:15:57,870 The type 9 LSA in IPv6 actually carries 269 00:15:57,870 --> 00:16:01,890 information that's usually carried in a type 1 270 00:16:01,890 --> 00:16:04,650 in OSPF version 2. 271 00:16:04,650 --> 00:16:08,850 One of the big changes that they made in OSPF between version 272 00:16:08,850 --> 00:16:12,870 2 and version 3 is they actually separated 273 00:16:12,870 --> 00:16:16,920 the advertising of the topology from the advertising 274 00:16:16,920 --> 00:16:18,430 of the prefixes. 275 00:16:18,430 --> 00:16:23,940 So in OSPF version 2, the prefixes are advertised, 276 00:16:23,940 --> 00:16:30,120 of course, in a type 1, where in OSPF version 3 for IPv6, 277 00:16:30,120 --> 00:16:34,050 we actually separate that out into these type 9's. 278 00:16:34,050 --> 00:16:37,440 So the type 1's advertise the topology. 279 00:16:37,440 --> 00:16:42,130 The type 9's advertise the prefixes for that topology. 280 00:16:42,130 --> 00:16:47,400 Now, you might notice that type 10 and type 11 for both OSPF 281 00:16:47,400 --> 00:16:51,180 version 2 and OSPF version 3, they're 282 00:16:51,180 --> 00:16:54,330 all listed as opaque just because, again, they 283 00:16:54,330 --> 00:17:01,230 don't have a specific use according to the OSPF RFCs. 284 00:17:01,230 --> 00:17:03,810 In this video, we went through and we 285 00:17:03,810 --> 00:17:07,950 talked about all of the different OSPF LSA types, 286 00:17:07,950 --> 00:17:10,079 their general function on our network, 287 00:17:10,079 --> 00:17:13,050 and where they get flooded as far as whether they 288 00:17:13,050 --> 00:17:16,540 cross area boundaries, what routers generate them, 289 00:17:16,540 --> 00:17:17,920 and so on. 290 00:17:17,920 --> 00:17:20,790 So hopefully, we now have a clearer understanding 291 00:17:20,790 --> 00:17:23,730 of how these LSAs and the different types 292 00:17:23,730 --> 00:17:26,680 operate in our OSPF network. 293 00:17:26,680 --> 00:17:28,710 I hope this has been informative for you, 294 00:17:28,710 --> 00:17:31,610 and I'd like to thank you for viewing. 295 00:17:31,610 --> 00:17:35,000