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[AUDIO LOGO]

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Our first step in
configuring PIM sparse mode

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will be to enable
multicast routing

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on the devices themselves.

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Multicast routing is not enabled
on our routers by default.

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Just because a lot
of companies choose

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not to use multicast
routing, Cisco

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has elected not to enable
that feature automatically.

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The next thing we have to do
is enable PIM in sparse mode

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on the appropriate interfaces.

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So the first thing we
should probably do here

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is bring up our
topology diagram,

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get a look at what we're
going to be building overall,

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and therefore which routers
need multicast routing enabled

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and on which interfaces.

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So let's go ahead and start
with our topology diagram.

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Then of course, we're going
to jump into the command line

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and get PIM sparse
mode up and running

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on our routers and interfaces.

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So for this skill, we are going
to be on multicast topology 1.

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And in this topology, what
we're going to be doing

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is we're going to
use router 10 up here

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is the source for our
multicast traffic.

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And we're going to
use router 8 down here

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as the receiver or the client.

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So these two routers
themselves will not

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be running multicast routing.

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That means where we do
need multicast routing is

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going to be on everything else.

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Router 9 here is a
little bit optional.

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We don't necessarily have to run
multicast routing on router 9.

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We could do it for
a redundant path

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in case this link were to file
or something along those lines.

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But we don't really need
it on router 9 either.

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We're going to be
focusing on routers 1

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through 7 for our
multicast environment.

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Now, that means that
we're going to want

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to turn on multicast
routing on all

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of the interfaces
on these devices.

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So that would take care of
all of the interfaces facing

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other routers.

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But don't forget that
on the first hop router,

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we also need PIM on the
interface facing the source.

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So we would need this on
gigabit 2 on router 6 as well.

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And we need the same thing
on the receiver side.

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So on gigabit 3 on router
7, our last hop router,

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we will need PIM
enabled there as well.

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Because again, a
Cisco router will not

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forward the traffic if PIM is
not enabled on that interface.

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So these are the
interfaces and routers

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that we're going to
need to enable PIM on.

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Let's go ahead and jump
over to the command line

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and get that working.

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So we'll begin here on router 1.

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And on IOS XR, we'll do this by
going into multicast routing.

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Under the multicast
routing configuration mode,

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the next thing we're
going to want to do here

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is go into the appropriate
address family.

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So we'll simply say
address family ipv4.

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And then we need to start
enabling our interfaces.

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So here we'll say interface.

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And we'll start
with gig 0/0/0/0.

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And all we have to
do for right now

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is simply enable each interface.

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So next we'll do gigabit 1.

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This router also needs
gigabit 2 and gigabit 3.

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Now, this does include
the interface up

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to router 9 just
in case we decide

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to do that at some point.

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We'll commit these changes,
exit configuration.

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And now if we do a
show PIM interface,

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we'll see that
PIM is now enabled

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on all of those interfaces.

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The default version of PIM here
on IOS XR is PIM version 2.

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And we currently see
that we don't actually

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have any neighbors.

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Now, it is a little
bit interesting

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to note here that it
lists the neighbors as 1

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because it counts itself.

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But once we get neighbors
actually up and working,

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we'll see that
this will actually

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change to 2 when it's a
point-to-point connection

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between two routers.

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So keep in mind that
that neighbor count of 1

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is simply the router
referring to itself.

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So now let's go do the same
configuration on router 2.

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Again, this will be
almost identical.

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However, this does
have less interfaces.

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So again, we simply
go into multicast

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routing configuration mode.

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And just another
quick note, there

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is also a router PIM
configuration mode

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that we will use to configure
things about PIM itself.

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But just to enable
multicast routing,

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this is all we have to do.

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And this does include
actually enabling

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PIM on those interfaces.

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Now, we can do that in PIM
configuration mode as well.

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We can also go into
interfaces and enable them.

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However, we don't have to do
that if we enable it here.

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But again, there is still that
router PIM configuration mode

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that we'll use later for
configuring specific things

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about PIM itself.

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Again, the next thing is to
go into the address family

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and then into the interfaces.

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Now, on this router we
need gigabit 0, 1, and 2.

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Commit the changes.

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Exit configuration.

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Let's do our show
PIM interface again.

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So notice two things here.

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The first is we do,
in fact, have PIM

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enabled on the three interfaces
that we enabled it on,

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our gigabit 0, 1, and 2.

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But also note that on gigabit 0,
which is the one facing router

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1, the neighbor count is now 2.

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That's because it actually has
a neighborship with router 1.

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If we do a show PIM
neighbor, we can actually

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see how on the
gigabit 0 interface,

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it's actually listing both
neighbors, router 1, which

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is the 12.1, and of course,
this router, router 2,

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which is the 12.2.

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So we can see how it's
listing itself as well as

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the other legitimate neighbor.

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Next we'll do router 3.

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Now, we've seen IOS
XR a few times now.

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So we'll just go ahead and
paste this configuration

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in since we've already seen it.

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This router needs
interfaces 0, 1, and 3.

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We can, of course, verify
with the show PIM interface.

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We see that this is now enabled.

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And we can see here that it
has a neighbor count of 2

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on the gigabit
0/0/0/1 interface,

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which would be the
interface up to router 1.

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So again, if we do
a show PIM neighbor,

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we can see that the neighborship
on gigabit 0/0/0/1 is in fact

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up between router
1 and router 3.

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So finally let's do router 4.

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Once again, we'll simply
paste that configuration.

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This is just two interfaces,
gigabit 0/0/0/0 and 0/0/0/1.

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Just for a final
verification, let's just

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go ahead and jump right to the
show PIM neighbor this time.

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Because if the neighbors
are up, of course,

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the interfaces are enabled.

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And we see that on both our
gigabit 0 and our gigabit 1

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interface, we are
listing two routers.

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So the first one
here on gigabit 0

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is the neighborship
between routers 3 and 4.

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And the second one is
between routers 2 and 4.

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So this tells us, of course,
that router 4 here is in fact

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up with routers 2 and 3.

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So, so far,
everything looks good.

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So now let's move on to
router 5, which, of course,

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is our first IOS XE router.

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So this configuration
is, of course,

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going to be a little
bit different.

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So we'll, of course, start by
going into configuration mode,

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and then we have to enable
multicast routing globally.

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So we say ip multicast-routing.

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And just a quick note here,
depending on the IOS version,

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you might just have to
hit Enter right here.

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Some versions of IOS XE,
however, this version included,

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we have to actually add
the keyword distributed.

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Let's take a look.

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Notice that if we hit
the question mark,

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we can, of course, enable
this for a particular VRF.

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Or we can say distributed
as I just mentioned.

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But notice that hitting
Enter here is not an option.

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It simply tells us
it's incomplete.

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Even if I were to say
vrf, give it, of course,

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a name for a VRF,
we'll say default,

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it still wants the
keyword distributed.

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So on this particular
platform, we

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are going to have to say
distributed and hit Enter.

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So that enables multicast
routing for the whole router.

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If we were to do a show IP
interface, what we'll see

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is, of course, that by
default, that doesn't

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enable PIM on any interfaces.

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That's simply enabling
multicast routing globally.

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So now we have to go into
each individual interface.

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On router 5, we're going to
need interface gigabit 1.

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And we enable this
by typing ip pim.

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And here we can see a
lot of different choices.

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But what we're looking for right
now is to enable sparse mode.

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So if we say sparse,
notice it's going

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to stop here because we
could either say sparse mode

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or sparse dense mode.

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Sparse dense mode
is sort of an older

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way of supporting Auto RP.

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We'll talk more about
that a little bit later.

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But for now we just
want sparse mode.

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So we'll say sparse-mode.

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Also just a quick note on that
as we see our neighbors coming

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up here, if you
just say sparse, it

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will actually default
to sparse mode

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instead of sparse dense mode.

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We'll do that on the
other interfaces.

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For example, if I said
interface gigabit 2,

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and then I were to
say ip pim sparse

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and not actually finish the
command, it will take that.

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It doesn't take it as
an ambiguous command.

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We can see the neighbors
already coming up.

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So that should give us
a pretty good indicator

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that it enabled it.

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But in what mode?

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Well, if we say do show run
for interface gigabit 2,

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we'll see that it actually put
it in as IP PIM sparse mode.

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So this is sort of a
unique little command

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that it defaults to sparse
mode when there is technically

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an ambiguous choice, which
would be sparse-dense-mode.

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So just an interesting
thing to note.

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It does, of course, make it
easier for us to type it in.

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And we rarely need
sparse dense mode.

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So this is usually fine.

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Just keep in mind that if you
do need sparse dense mode,

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you're going to have to
type the whole thing in.

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Because otherwise,
it will default here

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to just sparse mode if
all you type is sparse.

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So we can exit configuration.

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Let's do a show
IP PIM interface.

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So we see now that
our two interfaces

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are, in fact, running PIM.

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We see that they
are in version 2.

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The S indicates that
they are in sparse mode.

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We see that we
have two neighbors

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on each of these interfaces.

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And what's
interesting about this

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is if we say show IP PIM
neighbors, what we'll see

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is here on IOS XE, it's only
actually listing the neighbors.

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It doesn't list
ourselves on this output.

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Just a minor difference
between IOS XR and IOS XE.

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So we see here
that router 5 is up

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with routers 1 and
3 on the gigabit 1

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interface as it should be.

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And on interface 2, it is
up with neighbors 4 and 2.

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So this appears to
be working correctly.

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Let's go ahead and do router 6.

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Once again, router 6 is almost
an identical configuration.

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So we'll just go ahead and
paste the configuration in.

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This is going to get
enabled on two interfaces,

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gigabit 1 and gigabit 2.

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We can see here that the
neighborship with router 1

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has already come
up as it should.

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We can, of course, verify that
with a show IP PIM neighbor.

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We see that this
neighborship is up.

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It's been up for 23 seconds.

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And it is PIM version 2.

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Let's go ahead and
configure router 7 as well.

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00:12:18,190 --> 00:12:20,820
Once again, almost
identical configuration,

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just two different
interfaces as gigabit 2

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and gigabit 3 on router 7.

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Once again, we see
our neighborship

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00:12:27,510 --> 00:12:30,400
with router 3 this
time coming up.

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00:12:30,400 --> 00:12:32,940
And if we do the
show IP PIM neighbor,

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we'll see that
neighborship is up.

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00:12:35,250 --> 00:12:37,860
And, again, it's version 2.

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So that brings all
of our neighborships

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up as we need them.

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00:12:42,520 --> 00:12:47,100
So in this video, we saw how
to enable PIM sparse mode

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on both IOS XR and IOS XE.

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00:12:51,690 --> 00:12:55,590
We saw that we had to enable it
globally and then also enable

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00:12:55,590 --> 00:12:57,850
it on each interface.

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00:12:57,850 --> 00:13:00,660
Now, that, of course, is
done a little bit differently

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00:13:00,660 --> 00:13:03,180
between XR and XE.

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00:13:03,180 --> 00:13:08,170
But the same basic process had
to happen on both platforms.

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Now, none of this
does us any good,

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particularly with sparse mode,
until we have a rendezvous

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00:13:14,220 --> 00:13:15,040
point.

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00:13:15,040 --> 00:13:17,730
So we need to configure
a rendezvous point.

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00:13:17,730 --> 00:13:20,520
And that's exactly what
we're going to do next.

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Until then, I hope this has
been informative for you.

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And I'd like to thank
you for viewing.

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