1 00:00:06,639 --> 00:00:10,414 So the funny thing is that in the 1990s already 2 00:00:10,414 --> 00:00:14,189 IPv6 was proposed and was announced as the future standard. 3 00:00:14,730 --> 00:00:20,230 Now the fun part is that even nowadays most sites are still using IPv4. 4 00:00:20,750 --> 00:00:25,559 But let's talk about some of the basics of IPv6. What do you need to know about it? 5 00:00:26,100 --> 00:00:28,460 Well, you need to know that addresses in IPv6 are 128 bits. 6 00:00:31,440 --> 00:00:35,149 That's a long address and that's why they are written in hexadecimal. 7 00:00:35,649 --> 00:00:38,770 So believe it or not, this FE 80, 12, 23, 3345 etc. That's valid IPv6 address. 8 00:00:45,060 --> 00:00:50,270 Now in IPv6 leading zeros can be omitted as well as long strings of zeros. 9 00:00:50,770 --> 00:00:54,895 And that means that you can have an address like FE81 between 10 00:00:54,895 --> 00:00:59,020 the columns. That's all zeros and you don't have to write them. 11 00:01:00,020 --> 00:01:06,890 When you refer to IPv6 addresses +port, then you put the address between square brackets. 12 00:01:07,409 --> 00:01:13,734 That's because in the normal notation behind the IP address you put a colon and then the port. Well, for 13 00:01:13,734 --> 00:01:20,060 IPv6 we have columns in the IPv6 address, and that's why you put the IPv6 address between square brackets. 14 00:01:21,150 --> 00:01:25,140 The default subnet mask in IPv6 is 64 and that 15 00:01:25,140 --> 00:01:29,129 is because subnetting in IPv6 is not so very important. 16 00:01:30,209 --> 00:01:35,250 And in a note bit of the address IPv6 may have the device Mac address. 17 00:01:36,250 --> 00:01:36,890 That is nice. 18 00:01:37,609 --> 00:01:43,795 In IPv6 you can do auto assignment of IP addresses which means that the node discovers the 19 00:01:43,795 --> 00:01:49,980 network that it is on and it will set its node address according to its Mac address. 20 00:01:50,500 --> 00:01:53,599 In IPv6 there's a couple of addresses that are reserved. 21 00:01:54,099 --> 00:01:59,829 These include 1, 128, which is localhost, colon colon which is the unspecified address 22 00:01:59,829 --> 00:02:05,560 equivalent to IPv400000 which is the default route. And then we have 2003 which 23 00:02:05,559 --> 00:02:11,289 is the global unicast address and FD008 which is unique local address. 24 00:02:19,830 --> 00:02:25,789 These are private addresses. They are not routable on the Internet, but you can use them for testing if you want. 25 00:02:26,870 --> 00:02:32,050 FE 8064 are the so called link local addresses. 26 00:02:32,669 --> 00:02:38,117 These are also local only addresses. They are not routable, but they are addresses 27 00:02:38,117 --> 00:02:43,564 that are automatically assigned to nodes in your IP network. And finally there is 28 00:02:43,564 --> 00:02:49,012 FF08 which is used for multicast and multicast is a group packet so you 29 00:02:49,012 --> 00:02:54,459 can use it to reach out a specific group of devices. 30 00:02:54,969 --> 00:03:00,979 Now in IPv6 the nice thing is that you don't always have to set an address, you can obtain it. 31 00:03:01,800 --> 00:03:06,933 So how does that work? Well, every IPv6 node by default is getting fe80 32 00:03:06,933 --> 00:03:12,066 and an fe80 address is automatically assigned. It has fe80 as the start and 33 00:03:12,066 --> 00:03:17,199 it uses the Mac address of the node as the node part. 34 00:03:17,819 --> 00:03:23,469 Obviously you can statically assign an IP that's pretty uncommon. You can 35 00:03:23,469 --> 00:03:29,120 use Dhcpv6 which is a Dhcp server for IPv6 and there is 36 00:03:29,120 --> 00:03:34,770 this beautiful thing called stateless address auto configuration or slaac. 37 00:03:35,789 --> 00:03:36,870 So how does that work? 38 00:03:37,389 --> 00:03:42,356 Well, a router solicitation is sent to the multicast address FF022 which 39 00:03:42,356 --> 00:03:47,323 is the or routers multicast group and the router sends back an 40 00:03:47,323 --> 00:03:52,289 IP address which allows the host to learn about the network prefix. 41 00:03:52,889 --> 00:03:57,634 If you like this, and you should because it's convenient, you 42 00:03:57,634 --> 00:04:02,379 do need to install the RADVD package to use this functionality. 43 00:04:02,900 --> 00:04:08,420 As I told you before, IPv6 is here, some people are using it, but in real life you 44 00:04:08,420 --> 00:04:13,939 can get pretty far if you know nothing about it and you only understand your IPv4 stack.