WEBVTT 0:00:03.760000 --> 0:00:07.540000 Windows log analysis with chainsaw and sigma. 0:00:07.540000 --> 0:00:08.540000 So welcome everyone. 0:00:08.540000 --> 0:00:15.540000 This is going to be the final video in the Windows event log analysis 0:00:15.540000 --> 0:00:19.060000 subsection of this course. 0:00:19.060000 --> 0:00:25.060000 And we're going to be finishing what we started with regards to analyzing 0:00:25.060000 --> 0:00:32.720000 or I should say collecting exporting, passing and analyzing the Windows 0:00:32.720000 --> 0:00:40.620000 event logs on the endpoint system that we were analyzing in the lab. 0:00:40.620000 --> 0:00:44.360000 So in the previous video, we took a look at how to utilize a tool like 0:00:44.360000 --> 0:00:52.180000 timeline explorer to view or analyze past logs. 0:00:52.180000 --> 0:00:58.800000 Now we're going to take a look at how to utilize a tool like in conjunction 0:00:58.800000 --> 0:01:04.880000 with sigma to actually make the process of identifying malicious activity 0:01:04.880000 --> 0:01:11.000000 even easier. So I'll introduce you to chainsaw and sigma shortly in terms 0:01:11.000000 --> 0:01:14.300000 of what they are, what they used for. 0:01:14.300000 --> 0:01:19.360000 And we'll then take a look at how to use them both or in conjunction with 0:01:19.360000 --> 0:01:20.540000 each other in the lab. 0:01:20.540000 --> 0:01:24.740000 So again, we're still using the same lab environment. 0:01:24.740000 --> 0:01:28.500000 Windows event log analysis, that's the name of the lab. 0:01:28.500000 --> 0:01:34.080000 So pretty much we are, we actually are not going to require the past logs 0:01:34.080000 --> 0:01:41.700000 that we exported or that we passed with EVTX ECMD. 0:01:41.700000 --> 0:01:45.580000 So I'm going to switch over into the lab environment. 0:01:45.580000 --> 0:01:51.860000 And we can take a look at how to analyze the Windows event logs with chainsaw 0:01:51.860000 --> 0:01:57.740000 and sigma. And get some very good indicators as to what exactly is malicious 0:01:57.740000 --> 0:02:02.080000 activity. So using the default sigma rule set. 0:02:02.080000 --> 0:02:05.740000 So I'm going to switch into the lab environment and I'll see you then 0:02:05.740000 --> 0:02:08.620000 in a couple of seconds. 0:02:08.620000 --> 0:02:14.620000 All right, so I'm back in the lab environment. 0:02:14.620000 --> 0:02:25.820000 And I'm just on the GitHub page, through Windows forensic artifacts. 0:02:25.820000 --> 0:02:29.480000 So it's not just limited to Windows event logs, but just going through 0:02:29.480000 --> 0:02:33.980000 the description here, as you can see chainsaw provides a powerful first 0:02:33.980000 --> 0:02:36.000000 response. Remember that. 0:02:36.000000 --> 0:02:40.340000 Okay, so you get the idea, everything's coming together now, that's why 0:02:40.340000 --> 0:02:44.960000 introduced you to it so that you understand when a tool like chainsaw 0:02:44.960000 --> 0:02:48.660000 uses the term first response, you actually understand what it means. 0:02:48.660000 --> 0:02:53.940000 In any case, chainsaw provides a powerful first response capability to 0:02:53.940000 --> 0:02:58.160000 quickly identify threats within Windows forensic artifacts, such as event 0:02:58.160000 --> 0:03:00.860000 logs and the MFT file. 0:03:00.860000 --> 0:03:04.800000 Chainsaw offers a generic and fast method of searching through event logs 0:03:04.800000 --> 0:03:09.120000 for keywords and by identifying threats using built in support for sigma 0:03:09.120000 --> 0:03:12.940000 detection rules via custom chainsaw detection rules. 0:03:12.940000 --> 0:03:21.540000 So sigma detection rules and custom chainsaw detection rules, you can 0:03:21.540000 --> 0:03:25.280000 then search and extract forensic artifacts by string matching so on and 0:03:25.280000 --> 0:03:31.320000 so forth. So sigma is already in the tools directory here, I believe, 0:03:31.320000 --> 0:03:36.100000 as well as chainsaw. 0:03:36.100000 --> 0:03:40.060000 So in here, let's take a look at chainsaw. 0:03:40.060000 --> 0:03:50.420000 Yeah, we have that in here and I believe this particular version or release 0:03:50.420000 --> 0:03:56.460000 of chainsaw that has the suffix all platforms plus rules already has the 0:03:56.460000 --> 0:04:01.640000 sigma rules built in and under the rules directory, sorry, under sigma 0:04:01.640000 --> 0:04:04.360000 rules. There we are. 0:04:04.360000 --> 0:04:17.140000 So in order to use this, I'm going to be under exports, I'll be using 0:04:17.140000 --> 0:04:22.940000 the we want to do first and foremost is under the chainsaw folder in here 0:04:22.940000 --> 0:04:29.940000 where we have the executable chains for x8664 PC Windows MSVC.exe. 0:04:29.940000 --> 0:04:34.060000 We are going to want to open up a one second. 0:04:34.060000 --> 0:04:40.220000 Let me there we are open up partial window in here. 0:04:40.220000 --> 0:04:48.780000 And and we are going to execute the chainsaw executable here. 0:04:48.780000 --> 0:04:51.540000 So Windows, that's what we want. 0:04:51.540000 --> 0:04:53.460000 And then we're going to say hunt. 0:04:53.460000 --> 0:04:58.200000 Okay, now you can set on the GitHub repo, you can take a look at what 0:04:58.200000 --> 0:05:00.420000 hunt means. There we are. 0:05:00.420000 --> 0:05:02.720000 So hunting logic for Windows event log. 0:05:02.720000 --> 0:05:07.080000 So using the sigma and mapping parameters, you can specify a directory 0:05:07.080000 --> 0:05:11.920000 containing a subset of sigma detection rules or just the entire sigma 0:05:11.920000 --> 0:05:16.200000 git repo and chainsaw will automatically load convert and run these rules 0:05:16.200000 --> 0:05:22.480000 against the provided event logs, the mapping file tells chainsaw, which 0:05:22.480000 --> 0:05:28.240000 fields in the event logs to use for rule matching by default and chainsaw 0:05:28.240000 --> 0:05:31.220000 supports a wide range of event log types. 0:05:31.220000 --> 0:05:35.780000 But including but not limited to, you know, the sigma and stuff. 0:05:35.780000 --> 0:05:42.520000 So you actually have the those ones highlighted here or referenced specifically. 0:05:42.520000 --> 0:05:46.780000 So that's what the hunt functionality is all about. 0:05:46.780000 --> 0:05:53.380000 So hunt and then we need to specify the path to the EVTX file that we 0:05:53.380000 --> 0:05:54.160000 would like to analyze. 0:05:54.160000 --> 0:06:00.620000 So we say see this needs to be the absolute so see users administrator 0:06:00.620000 --> 0:06:07.320000 desktop. And then we want to take a look at the exports folder. 0:06:07.320000 --> 0:06:11.280000 Oh, my bad. Let me go ahead and fix that. 0:06:11.280000 --> 0:06:34.380000 Oh, boy. All right, let me go ahead and see users administrator exports. 0:06:34.380000 --> 0:06:41.860000 And then initial, I believe is what the folder is called. 0:06:41.860000 --> 0:06:44.260000 Let me just take a step back there. 0:06:44.260000 --> 0:06:47.240000 So exports, yeah, initial exports. 0:06:47.240000 --> 0:06:50.840000 So initial exports. 0:06:50.840000 --> 0:06:55.880000 And then let's do sismon. 0:06:55.880000 --> 0:06:59.920000 So sismon.evtx, we don't need the past version. 0:06:59.920000 --> 0:07:06.100000 And then we use the s parameter to specify the rules. 0:07:06.100000 --> 0:07:11.380000 So in this case, they would be stored under see users administrator as 0:07:11.380000 --> 0:07:19.240000 well. Um, under the desktop and under tools. 0:07:19.240000 --> 0:07:27.080000 Here we want a chainsaw platforms, all platforms and rules. 0:07:27.080000 --> 0:07:30.580000 And then under this, there is the chainsaw folder. 0:07:30.580000 --> 0:07:36.600000 And then under this, we have sigma, like so. 0:07:36.600000 --> 0:07:41.660000 And then we need a mapping, we need to specify the mapping files. 0:07:41.660000 --> 0:07:44.540000 So this can be found. 0:07:44.540000 --> 0:07:49.960000 Um, let's see, where can this be found? 0:07:49.960000 --> 0:07:51.720000 Let me just check this here. 0:07:51.720000 --> 0:08:05.500000 So we have tools, chainsaw. 0:08:05.500000 --> 0:08:09.100000 And then this should be in sigma master. 0:08:09.100000 --> 0:08:13.560000 Let's see rules. 0:08:13.560000 --> 0:08:19.320000 Rules. Actually hold on. 0:08:19.320000 --> 0:08:23.840000 So this sigma master rule. 0:08:23.840000 --> 0:08:34.180000 No, one second chainsaw. 0:08:34.180000 --> 0:08:40.420000 Okay. So one second chainsaw rules. 0:08:40.420000 --> 0:08:43.480000 No, that's there. 0:08:43.480000 --> 0:08:50.660000 So we had in here, we would have. 0:08:50.660000 --> 0:08:52.340000 Yeah, there we are. 0:08:52.340000 --> 0:08:55.160000 So chainsaw mappings. 0:08:55.160000 --> 0:08:58.420000 Then we want all dot yaml. 0:08:58.420000 --> 0:09:03.340000 So let me actually copy this here. 0:09:03.340000 --> 0:09:17.720000 Like so, okay. Okay. 0:09:17.720000 --> 0:09:18.560000 That's interesting. 0:09:18.560000 --> 0:09:27.900000 I copied that. And we also mapping see users, mappings. 0:09:27.900000 --> 0:09:34.060000 And then we have the sigma event logs all. 0:09:34.060000 --> 0:09:38.860000 Then we specify we want to output this in CSV, which means we can then 0:09:38.860000 --> 0:09:43.620000 analyze it with timeline explorer as well. 0:09:43.620000 --> 0:09:49.400000 We want to output this into, I believe I created an output folder in my 0:09:49.400000 --> 0:09:53.300000 chainsaw directory that I extracted your output. 0:09:53.300000 --> 0:09:57.900000 Let me get rid of those results there. 0:09:57.900000 --> 0:10:02.040000 Those were earlier exports of mine. 0:10:02.040000 --> 0:10:07.860000 So output and so we'll say output because we're working in that directory 0:10:07.860000 --> 0:10:11.300000 anyway. Let's see. 0:10:11.300000 --> 0:10:15.780000 So output and then we will say sigma. 0:10:15.780000 --> 0:10:21.380000 Okay. So it's going to load the detection rules. 0:10:21.380000 --> 0:10:27.600000 And then there we are. 0:10:27.600000 --> 0:10:32.820000 It's going to load one forensic artifact and then it's going to perform 0:10:32.820000 --> 0:10:36.840000 the hunter. It shouldn't take more than a minute here, actually. 0:10:36.840000 --> 0:10:41.100000 So just 15.1 megabytes. 0:10:41.100000 --> 0:10:48.720000 So let's see actually whether I am correct with regards to this here. 0:10:48.720000 --> 0:10:49.400000 So there we are. 0:10:49.400000 --> 0:10:52.940000 243 detections found on 184 documents. 0:10:52.940000 --> 0:10:55.820000 Remember documents means logs. 0:10:55.820000 --> 0:10:58.040000 So sigma on here, we have the CSV. 0:10:58.040000 --> 0:11:04.640000 So now we can go into tools and timeline explorer. 0:11:04.640000 --> 0:11:07.820000 Open this up here. 0:11:07.820000 --> 0:11:10.260000 And hopefully I don't have any filters. 0:11:10.260000 --> 0:11:14.520000 Okay, it doesn't look like I do not yet at least. 0:11:14.520000 --> 0:11:17.340000 And then we just want to drag and drop. 0:11:17.340000 --> 0:11:23.180000 And if the formatting was done correctly, then we should have the. 0:11:23.180000 --> 0:11:26.080000 Let me bring this up here. 0:11:26.080000 --> 0:11:27.060000 Okay, beautiful. 0:11:27.060000 --> 0:11:29.300000 So we have timestamp detections. 0:11:29.300000 --> 0:11:32.740000 So these are the detections now that you know pretty much conclusively 0:11:32.740000 --> 0:11:34.860000 tell us what we're dealing with. 0:11:34.860000 --> 0:11:38.960000 So let's take a look at this here. 0:11:38.960000 --> 0:11:40.360000 Actually hold on. 0:11:40.360000 --> 0:11:45.300000 So timestamp. Yeah, the oldest are at the very top. 0:11:45.300000 --> 0:11:50.300000 So you know, partial execution, non interactive partial process spawned. 0:11:50.300000 --> 0:11:52.960000 And I believe the other fields. 0:11:52.960000 --> 0:11:53.900000 Yeah, there we are. 0:11:53.900000 --> 0:11:59.120000 So we have the event data and then. 0:11:59.120000 --> 0:12:01.860000 Yeah, I think that's it. 0:12:01.860000 --> 0:12:08.520000 But this is really just to identify those specific logs that have been 0:12:08.520000 --> 0:12:12.520000 deemed suspicious in alignment with the. 0:12:12.520000 --> 0:12:17.780000 Sigma rules. So this is really dependent on the rules that you're using, 0:12:17.780000 --> 0:12:20.340000 but you can see the image here. 0:12:20.340000 --> 0:12:24.220000 So yeah, this is fairly accurate or you know, pretty much as accurate 0:12:24.220000 --> 0:12:28.740000 as it gets. We then have partial execution here. 0:12:28.740000 --> 0:12:31.140000 Let me just take that. 0:12:31.140000 --> 0:12:34.280000 So there's signature here is nothing. 0:12:34.280000 --> 0:12:36.500000 Okay, interesting. 0:12:36.500000 --> 0:12:41.100000 Sysmon file creation detected partial office file micro file. 0:12:41.100000 --> 0:12:42.300000 That's interesting. 0:12:42.300000 --> 0:12:43.900000 What's this about? 0:12:43.900000 --> 0:12:50.580000 Okay, so possibly something to investigate. 0:12:50.580000 --> 0:12:55.140000 So we can see the timestamp here, the detections. 0:12:55.140000 --> 0:12:58.240000 Let's take a closer look at this here. 0:12:58.240000 --> 0:13:04.200000 So just one count the event ID. 0:13:04.200000 --> 0:13:07.020000 Yeah, there's nothing else. 0:13:07.020000 --> 0:13:10.080000 So nothing too interesting there. 0:13:10.080000 --> 0:13:15.000000 We also have here a very interesting dynamic.net compilation. 0:13:15.000000 --> 0:13:18.920000 Yeah, that was me installing the dot net. 0:13:18.920000 --> 0:13:29.060000 And then let's take a look at this here. 0:13:29.060000 --> 0:13:32.260000 So called detections. 0:13:32.260000 --> 0:13:37.000000 We can now see some very good intelligence or correlation here. 0:13:37.000000 --> 0:13:40.980000 So bypass you a C using event viewer, we would not have been able to determine 0:13:40.980000 --> 0:13:43.060000 that without, you know, additional investigation. 0:13:43.060000 --> 0:13:47.940000 So in this case, image, C windows system 32 windows partial. 0:13:47.940000 --> 0:13:51.060000 There we are. And then we can take a look at some of the other activities. 0:13:51.060000 --> 0:13:54.000000 So a new partial instance created here. 0:13:54.000000 --> 0:13:57.820000 What is that in reference to nothing there? 0:13:57.820000 --> 0:13:59.960000 Partial execution. 0:13:59.960000 --> 0:14:02.680000 Who am I? There we are. 0:14:02.680000 --> 0:14:06.100000 Potential persistence attempt by existing service tamperings. 0:14:06.100000 --> 0:14:09.500000 This is suspicious service path modification. 0:14:09.500000 --> 0:14:11.480000 Let's take a look at that there. 0:14:11.480000 --> 0:14:13.880000 Let's see what exactly is going on. 0:14:13.880000 --> 0:14:28.480000 So let's just see config facts binary path is partial dot exe no exit 0:14:28.480000 --> 0:14:35.300000 right host. Yeah, so that was the simulation I'd done for in this case, 0:14:35.300000 --> 0:14:40.740000 persistence. We can see that here. 0:14:40.740000 --> 0:14:45.620000 So we have a parent user, all that good stuff, current directory. 0:14:45.620000 --> 0:14:48.140000 And it should point towards. 0:14:48.140000 --> 0:14:51.020000 Yeah, okay, so that is perfect. 0:14:51.020000 --> 0:14:53.800000 And then we have this one right over here. 0:14:53.800000 --> 0:14:55.640000 What mapping do we have here? 0:14:55.640000 --> 0:14:57.820000 So service tampering. 0:14:57.820000 --> 0:15:01.240000 There we are scheduled task registry. 0:15:01.240000 --> 0:15:03.940000 So via registry modification. 0:15:03.940000 --> 0:15:05.740000 We can see that in here. 0:15:05.740000 --> 0:15:08.600000 Then we have the actual scheduled task here. 0:15:08.600000 --> 0:15:14.920000 So again, the only reason we're seeing that, at least with regards to 0:15:14.920000 --> 0:15:20.560000 the actual the command line argument. 0:15:20.560000 --> 0:15:23.360000 The reason why you're seeing the technique highlighted is because again, 0:15:23.360000 --> 0:15:28.420000 I utilize the atomic red team framework to emulate these attacks. 0:15:28.420000 --> 0:15:30.660000 So at least you have an idea as to what they look like. 0:15:30.660000 --> 0:15:35.280000 But we can see the scheduled ask created here, count dot exe, which I 0:15:35.280000 --> 0:15:39.220000 did observe as malicious activity when I restarted the system. 0:15:39.220000 --> 0:15:45.380000 Yeah, so hopefully you can start to see now that there's quite a few tools 0:15:45.380000 --> 0:15:50.180000 that can actually make your job much easier with regards to narrowing 0:15:50.180000 --> 0:15:58.640000 down, you know, the logs to just the ones that again are malicious. 0:15:58.640000 --> 0:16:02.060000 And of course, you know, it goes without saying that this is based on 0:16:02.060000 --> 0:16:05.340000 the Sigma rule set. 0:16:05.340000 --> 0:16:08.220000 But you can see right over here. 0:16:08.220000 --> 0:16:10.720000 What was this one specifically? 0:16:10.720000 --> 0:16:11.980000 So yeah, there we are bloodhound. 0:16:11.980000 --> 0:16:16.840000 So it actually detects execution of tools or malware, bloodhound sharphound. 0:16:16.840000 --> 0:16:19.700000 That's a active directory enumeration tool. 0:16:19.700000 --> 0:16:21.560000 And we have this one here. 0:16:21.560000 --> 0:16:26.460000 That's interesting because yeah, that just shows up as PowerShell might 0:16:26.460000 --> 0:16:31.540000 be interesting. Okay, let's take a look at this here. 0:16:31.540000 --> 0:16:36.300000 So there we are, non interactive PowerShell process spawn PowerShell web 0:16:36.300000 --> 0:16:41.560000 download usage of web request command and commandlets. 0:16:41.560000 --> 0:16:50.240000 So was that when I tried to fetch a particular, let's bring it up here. 0:16:50.240000 --> 0:16:58.560000 One second, yeah, process, yeah, we can see that PowerShell. 0:16:58.560000 --> 0:17:02.580000 Yeah, it actually downloaded this particular atomic file for phishing. 0:17:02.580000 --> 0:17:04.420000 So it actually downloaded the attachment. 0:17:04.420000 --> 0:17:08.000000 So yeah, chainsaw and Sigma is a game change. 0:17:08.000000 --> 0:17:10.420000 And I just wanted to show you this here. 0:17:10.420000 --> 0:17:13.780000 Now, that's pretty much all that I wanted to highlight. 0:17:13.780000 --> 0:17:15.220000 As I said, there's no real incident. 0:17:15.220000 --> 0:17:19.100000 It was me pretty much just emulating or simulating attacks and then, you 0:17:19.100000 --> 0:17:24.080000 know, giving you an idea as to how you can collect or export the logs, 0:17:24.080000 --> 0:17:28.580000 pass them, analyze them, and then enhance your analysis with tools like 0:17:28.580000 --> 0:17:35.880000 Timeline Explorer augmenting that with, you know, chainsaw and Sigma to 0:17:35.880000 --> 0:17:42.200000 actually give you what is deemed or, you know, to give you a set of events 0:17:42.200000 --> 0:17:48.140000 or logs to start with or that are malicious or, you know, are confirmed 0:17:48.140000 --> 0:17:57.620000 malicious based or when mapped to particular rules in this case, I'll 0:17:57.620000 --> 0:18:02.280000 give you that, you know, give you an understanding of the process. 0:18:02.280000 --> 0:18:05.740000 Now, this lab is fairly robust. 0:18:05.740000 --> 0:18:09.940000 I will be making some changes to it before you actually get to play it. 0:18:09.940000 --> 0:18:16.200000 So before this course is even released, which means you will be able to 0:18:16.200000 --> 0:18:28.440000 at any given point in time export, you know, logs will not be overwritten 0:18:28.440000 --> 0:18:31.020000 or anything like that. 0:18:31.020000 --> 0:18:33.740000 And, you know, you'll be able to follow along with it. 0:18:33.740000 --> 0:18:38.040000 And as I said, all the tools have been installed. 0:18:38.040000 --> 0:18:43.500000 Now, if you want to simulate your own attacks, I have included the Atomic 0:18:43.500000 --> 0:18:48.380000 Red Team folder in here so you can just invoke and the only difference 0:18:48.380000 --> 0:18:50.840000 is because the lab will not be connected to the internet. 0:18:50.840000 --> 0:18:56.240000 Some atomic tests require an internet connection like the phishing atomic 0:18:56.240000 --> 0:19:01.120000 test that actually tries to fetch, you know, a particular attachment. 0:19:01.120000 --> 0:19:06.640000 So you'll only be able to execute the ones that are, that don't require 0:19:06.640000 --> 0:19:08.160000 internet connection. 0:19:08.160000 --> 0:19:12.620000 But this is a great opportunity for you to, you know, emulate particular 0:19:12.620000 --> 0:19:15.520000 attacks or TTPs as it were. 0:19:15.520000 --> 0:19:20.360000 And then, you know, try and see whether you can identify them in the, 0:19:20.360000 --> 0:19:26.440000 you know, security channel, SISMON, etc. 0:19:26.440000 --> 0:19:30.200000 And yeah, so that is pretty much it. 0:19:30.200000 --> 0:19:33.820000 And that brings us to the end of the practical demonstration section of 0:19:33.820000 --> 0:19:39.200000 this video. All right, so that was how to enhance Windows log analysis 0:19:39.200000 --> 0:19:40.780000 with chainsaw and Sigma. 0:19:40.780000 --> 0:19:43.640000 Hopefully you found that useful. 0:19:43.640000 --> 0:19:48.080000 As I said, it's not really important that there wasn't an incident for 0:19:48.080000 --> 0:19:51.940000 you to analyze. In fact, it's better this way because if I, you know, 0:19:51.940000 --> 0:19:55.020000 if you're a beginner getting into incident response and I give you this 0:19:55.020000 --> 0:20:00.860000 brief or intro right now, and we use an incident or, you know, sort of 0:20:00.860000 --> 0:20:06.060000 semi semi realistic instant for you to analyze, it's leaving out the fundamentals 0:20:06.060000 --> 0:20:10.860000 of using the tools, exploring, playing around with them, getting comfortable 0:20:10.860000 --> 0:20:14.700000 with them. So it's only when you get comfortable with these tools and 0:20:14.700000 --> 0:20:22.480000 you understand, you know, the process or processes from a, from both a 0:20:22.480000 --> 0:20:26.420000 theoretical and practical perspective, and you're able to sort of picture 0:20:26.420000 --> 0:20:30.780000 the methodology behind, you know, a specific process like, you know, Windows 0:20:30.780000 --> 0:20:36.800000 event log analysis, are you able then to apply it when you are actually 0:20:36.800000 --> 0:20:38.000000 handling an incident? 0:20:38.000000 --> 0:20:44.380000 So hopefully, you know, this gave you an idea as to what endpoint log 0:20:44.380000 --> 0:20:46.300000 analysis is like. 0:20:46.300000 --> 0:20:52.720000 And, you know, we pretty much covered the entire process or lifecycle 0:20:52.720000 --> 0:20:58.880000 or went through it from exporting them to passing them to analyzing what 0:20:58.880000 --> 0:21:03.960000 we've passed, and then sort of augmenting our analysis using a tool like 0:21:03.960000 --> 0:21:11.360000 chainsaw to hunt for, you know, malicious activity or correlate the logs 0:21:11.360000 --> 0:21:16.260000 that we're analyzing to malicious activity based on, you know, sigma rules. 0:21:16.260000 --> 0:21:20.080000 Don't worry if you're not, if you don't understand what sigma is, it's 0:21:20.080000 --> 0:21:22.940000 not really appropriate to introduce it right now, because this course 0:21:22.940000 --> 0:21:24.460000 has been very long. 0:21:24.460000 --> 0:21:29.320000 And I will be introducing it in time when it becomes even more relevant, 0:21:29.320000 --> 0:21:32.960000 more specifically in the threat intelligence and threat hunting course, 0:21:32.960000 --> 0:21:37.900000 as well as the specialized digital forensics course, we will be diving 0:21:37.900000 --> 0:21:39.640000 even deeper into analysis. 0:21:39.640000 --> 0:21:42.500000 And it's from that point that we'll start to have, you know, more realistic 0:21:42.500000 --> 0:21:48.820000 investigations. In any case, that's going to be it for this video. 0:21:48.820000 --> 0:21:51.200000 And I will be seeing you in the next video.